El trabajo ofrece los requerimientos teórico-metodológicos para el desarrollo de habilidades en la obtención de información científica. Se parte del análisis teórico de la información como proceso y resultado de la interacción del sujeto con su realidad y de asumir las habilidades para obtener información científica dentro de las habilidades informativas que pueden potencialmente trabajarse a la luz de las diferentes disciplinas académicas. Finalmente se brindan los fundamentos metodológicos para la implementación de los procedimientos propuestos desde el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (...) en estudiantes universitarios, encaminados a sistematizar las operaciones de estas habilidades genéricas comunes a toda profesión. The work offers the theoretical-methodological requirements for the development of skills in the obtaining of scientific information. It begins with the theoretical analysis of the information as a process and result of the interaction of the subject with the reality and of assuming the skills to obtain scientific information as a part of the informative skills which can be potentially worked by the light of the different academic disciplines. Finally the methodological foundations are offered for the implementation of the procedures proposed from the teaching-learning process in university students, guided to systematize the operations of these generic skills that are common to any profession. (shrink)

The research is developed with the use of deductive and descriptive analytical methods used to obtain information on doctrine and jurisprudence and to establish and describe specific situations in the field of Ecuadorian Medical Law respectively. The main objective is to provide scientific and doctrinal tools to understand guilt in cases of omissive conduct in Ecuadorian medical practice, as well as its comparison with other countries such as Colombia, Mexico, Cuba and Argentina, the results of the research show that the (...) doctrine in the relationship to the categories of Omission, Guilt, Guarantor Position and Permitted Risk is broad and is based on scientific-doctrinal advances of the Normative Conception of Guilt comprised between 1995 and 2022. To establish useful criteria and conclusions, the discussion focuses on defining what is considered “guilty” in the context of Medical Law, highlighting the importance of elements such as the objective duty, the harmful result and the analysis of the concomitant circumstances, emphasizing the importance of considering the context and development of the facts in cases of omissive conduct in medicine and not only the result. In relation to omissions in criminal law, a distinction is made between proper and improper and finally, it concludes by suggesting the modification of article 146 of the Organic Integral Criminal Code to guarantee due process and a effective judicial protection in matters related to health in Ecuador, specifically with regard to causality in cases of omissive conduct. (shrink)

El artículo, con base en un argumento de Michel Foucault: la vigencia –desde el siglo XVIII hasta hoy- de las estrategias liberales del poder para el gobierno de la población, hace una reflexión sobre la escuela actual. Argumenta que la democracia, en cuanto concreción visible de esas estrategias de poder, comporta procesos específicos en la escuela que son nombrados aquí, provisionalmente, como el tránsito desde una escuela disciplinada hasta otra conflictiva, violenta, terapéutica y falta de autoridad, es decir, indisciplinada. Pero, (...) y es el argumento fundamental, en la actualidad, más que invocar mayores cotas de libertad y de democracia para la escuela, se requiere reconocer las formas de sujeción de ese liberalismo democrático, y con ello, tal vez, proponer otras formas de estar en la escuela y en la sociedad. (shrink)

The sexual double standard refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain different forms of adherence to the SDS. This study establishes three SDS typologies of adherence in two areas of sexual behavior to examine the predictive capacity of personal variables, (...) interpersonal variables and social variables in sexual satisfaction. A sample of 1194 heterosexual adults aged between 18 and 87 years, who had been in a relationship for more than 6 months, was evaluated. In men, the highest sexual satisfaction levels were obtained in the egalitarian typology in the sexual freedom area. In women, no significant differences were found between the typologies of adherence to the SDS. Regression models showed that relationship satisfaction was the main predictor of sexual satisfaction in all the typologies in both men and women. In addition, the predictive relationship of personal variables with sexual satisfaction varied according to gender and the SDS adherence type. The results show the importance of studying sexual satisfaction by taking into account not only the differences between men and women. Furthermore, it is essential to consider other differences between people; for example, the difference that derives from the way of psychologically internalizing attitude toward the SDS. (shrink)

Durante la última década se ha producido un importante desarrollo de prácticas que formulan propuestas alternativas a los modos de producción, consumo e intercambio dominantes. Este artículo analiza el tejido de prácticas económicas alternativas en la ciudad de Valladolid, una ciudad media alejada de los contextos urbanos sobre los que se ha construido el cuerpo teórico que indaga en el potencial transformador de redes de consumo, mercados de trueque, bancos de tiempo, monedas sociales o huertos comunitarios. El trabajo, consciente del (...) valor del contexto y de la escala, propone para ciudades como la estudiada una relectura que sitúa dicho potencial no en el ámbito económico, sino en el de la práctica y la experiencia social y en el de la cultura política.The last decade has witnessed an important development of practices that involve alternative proposals to the dominant production, consumption and exchange patterns. In the present article, we present an analysis of the interwoven patterns of alternative economic practices in Valladolid, a mid-sized city in Spain. This urban profile differs from the cities that have typically been used to design the body of research on the transformation power that consumer networks, bartering, time banking, social coin and community orchards have. Taking into account the value of both the context and the scale under investigation, this study proposes a reanalysis for these types of cities: under this view, the potential is not placed in the economic sphere but rather in the social practice and experience as well as in the political culture. (shrink)

This paper presents philosophical perspectives related to the concept of boredom from the point of view of its forms and structural modes as developed by Martin Heidegger in his lectures at the University of Freiburg during the winter semesters of 1929 and 1930. We highlight a philosophical stance often overlooked in comparison to more traditional positions in Western philosophical thought—through the proposed hermeneutic-phenomenological processes, this will allow us to interweave their philosophical images with cinematographic narratives that enrich the factual understanding (...) of modernity. For this reason, we assume boredom and its essence, “tediousness”, as the fundamental mood of our era, thus permitting other mobilities of thought that warrant a study of phenomena relating to cultural entertainment as a symptom of the modern disease that distances Dasein from meeting, questioning, and self-care. (shrink)

IntroductionThe assessments of the motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are usually limited to clinical rating scales, and it depends on the clinician’s experience. This study aims to propose a machine learning technique algorithm using the variables from upper and lower limbs, to classify people with PD from healthy people, using data from a portable low-cost device. And can be used to support the diagnosis and follow-up of patients in developing countries and remote areas.MethodsWe used Kinect®eMotion system to capture the spatiotemporal (...) gait data from 30 patients with PD and 30 healthy age-matched controls in three walking trials. First, a correlation matrix was made using the variables of upper and lower limbs. After this, we applied a backward feature selection model using R and Python to determine the most relevant variables. Three further analyses were done using variables selected from backward feature selection model, movement disorders specialist, and all the variables from the dataset. We ran seven machine learning models for each model. Dataset was divided 80% for algorithm training and 20% for evaluation. Finally, a causal inference model using the DoWhy library was performed on Dataset B due to its accuracy and simplicity.ResultsThe Random Forest model is the most accurate for all three variable Datasets followed by the support vector machine. The CIM shows a relation between leg variables and the arms swing asymmetry and a proportional relationship between ASA and the diagnosis of PD with a robust estimator.ConclusionsMachine learning techniques based on objective measures using portable low-cost devices are useful and accurate to classify patients with Parkinson’s disease. This method can be used to evaluate patients remotely and help clinicians make decisions regarding follow-up and treatment. (shrink)

Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.Objectives:To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Research design:A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive (...) analysis was performed of the information gathered.Participants and research context:Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.Ethical considerations:The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Results:Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions.Conclusions:These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

Let denote the class of all cardinal sequences of length α associated with compact scattered spaces. Also put If λ is a cardinal and α λ1>>λn−1 and ordinals α0,…,αn−1 such that α=α0++αn−1 and where each .The proofs are based on constructions of universal locally compact scattered spaces.

This article shows the precritical principles of beauty in Kant’s thought, in order to understand his main contribution to the theory of beauty. This critical principles are not found in the Observations on the feeling of the beauty and sublime, but in the first and second critique which locate the feeling of pleasure and pain in the sensation faculty, instead of the Judgment, and in the Universal Nature History and the Theory of the Heavens, that considers beauty as the perfection (...) of the object given from a supreme intelligence, instead of an ideal unity brought from the reflexive judgment. (shrink)

We consider some questions of Donald Monk related to attainment of the tightness function in Boolean spaces. Then we prove in ZFC that attainment of tightness in the sense of the definition does not imply attainment of tightness in the free sequence sense. Our results give rise to full answers to [2, Problems 41, 42].

Typically, existentialist analyses of “America” have been limited to North America (more specifically, the United States). I argue that developing an adequate framework for existentially analyzing America requires a turn to Mexican existentialism. In Emilio Uranga’s and Jorge Portilla’s writings, we discover new conceptual tools for understanding Americanness as such. These thinkers help us imagine an account of American being that does not restrict itself to the United States by using the concepts of existentialism to describe the crises their neighbors (...) to the north as well as they themselves face. American existence has been historically characterized by a convergence (oftentimes clash) of disparate races, ethnicities, languages, cultures, religions, and identities. As history unfolded, this convergence led to various existential crises across the Americas. Whereas the US American way of life is marred by a blustering, naïve, and purposeless misuse of freedom that disregards the other, the existential crisis the Mexican lives is characterized by “accidentality” and “zozobra.” Despite these important differences, all existentialists, and the Mexican existentialists of the Hyperion Group especially, remind us that there is a common way to overcome the various existential crises plaguing the Americas, and that is to exercise freedom in a purposeful, communally conscious manner. (shrink)

In this article, I argue that, contrary to scholarly consensus, Antonio Caso draws inspiration from important principles and ideas from Kant’s philosophy in his critique of positivism. I first examine the prima facie textual reasons why someone might believe that Caso and Kant are philosophical enemies. To contradict this notion, I proceed by noting and developing three core ideas that the two share in common. First, Caso and Kant are both ardent critics of dogmatic philosophizing. Second, both Caso and Kant (...) carve out special room for intuition in their respective accounts of cognition, resisting the idea that the understanding has a more prominent role in the formation of knowledge. Third, Kant’s doctrine of aesthetic judgment paves the way for Caso’s de-intellectualized aesthetics. In the end, we see that Kant and Caso are closer to being philosophical friends than enemies. (shrink)

Je rappelle ici l’une des plus constantes préoccupations de la pensée de Jean-Luc Nancy : celle du destin d’un Occident qui, au moment même où il paraît accomplir son élargissement au monde entier, est amené à faire, de plus en plus, le constat de son propre effacement, de son déclin, ou de sa finitude. Je le fais tout en déplaçant quelque peu le point de vue d’où le problème se pose « normalement » car, comme c’est arrivé maintes fois dans (...) mes échanges avec Nancy lui-même, j’y fais jouer mon écart, ou mon arrabal hispanique. (shrink)

Texto de presentación para el monográfico _De São Paulo a Puebla: la izquierda iberoamericana entre el retorno y la transformación (1990-2024)._.

Abstract: I address the issue of how pretence emerged in evolution by reviewing the (mostly negative) evidence about pretend behaviour in non-human primates, and proposing a model of the type of information processing abilities that humans had to evolve in order to be able to pretend. Non-human primates do not typically pretend: there are just a few examples of potential pretend actions mostly produced by apes. The best, but still rare, examples are produced by so-called 'enculturated' apes (reared by humans) (...) and among them specially those that have been systematically trained to use symbols (so-called 'linguistic' apes). A hypothesis that would explain the lack of pretence in apes is that they lack the mentalistic ability of theory of mind. However, in the last years apes have been demonstrated to possess relatively sophisticated social cognitive skills, some of them ontogenetically appearing in humans alongside with or even after pretend play. As a solution to the paradox, I discuss a model according to which pretence is supported by a mechanism capable of computing intentional relations with non-existing objects or properties (Intentional non-existence), as opposed to mechanisms computing intentional relations with existing, although not necessarily currently perceived, objects (Intentional availability). Apes possess the latter, which allows them to solve a variety of theory of mind tasks, but not the former, which typically prevents them from developing pretence. (shrink)

This paper reports a longitudinal study on the ontogeny of triadic cooperative interactions in a hand-reared lowland gorilla from 6 months to 36 months of age. Using the behavioural categories developed by Hubley and Trevarthen to characterize the origins of “secondary intersubjectivity” in human babies between 8-12 months of age, I chart the emergence of comparable coordinations of gestures and actions with objects and acts of dyadic communication. The findings show that the categories and concepts of secondary intersubjectivity are applicable (...) to the gorilla, who engages with people in cooperative actions with objects. The ontogeny of triadic interaction in the gorilla was very similar to that described in human infants, but more extended in time and with some peculiarities, such as the absence of pointing and showing gestures, some of whose functions might be taken over by contact gestures which in human infants may appear later in development. The results do not support claims of human uniqueness in the development of cooperative action, but suggest a heterochrony in some aspects of the ontogeny of triadic interactions leading to a divergence between gorilla and human infants within secondary intersubjectivity. (shrink)

La presente contribución indaga una dimensión de la intensa y compleja relación intelectual entre Henri de Lubac y Michel de Certeau, graficada en el paso del Corpus Mysticum a La fábula mística. En particular nos detenemos en una arista del proyecto intelectual de Lubac que busca desempolvar las potencialidades de la simbólica medieval para contrarrestar las nefastas derivas de la racionalidad moderna. Dicho proyecto se inspira en una ontología sacramental y en la centralidad de la allegoria in factis, heredada del (...) pensamiento de los Padres de la Iglesia. La reflexión que realiza Certeau en La fábula mística muestra ser no solo la continuación del Corpus Mysticum de Lubac, sino que de manera tangencial evidencia los límites del proyecto de su maestro, a través de su atención lúcida a la ruptura nominalista. Certeau muestra así que la emergencia de la mística moderna de los siglos xvi-xvii nace como respuesta al desaplazamiento de la allegoria in factis a la allegoria in verbis, que estaría a la raíz de la desontologización del lenguaje y del cisma entre la experiencia espiritual y la teología. (shrink)

El Evangelio de Felipe ocupa el tercer lugar en el Códice II de la Biblioteca de Nag Hammadi, compuesto por otros seis tratados que en orden cronológico se disponen de la siguiente manera: Apócrifo (libro secreto) de Juan (versión larga); Evangelio de Tomás; Hipóstasis de los arcontes; Sobre el origen del mundo (primera copia); Exposición sobre el alma y Libro de Tomás, el Atleta. El Evangelio de Felipe es el más “sacramental” de los evangelios gnósticos, ya que los cinco (...) ritos principales: bautismo, unción, eucaristía, redención y cámara nupcial se mencionan de manera directa como componentes de un solo misterio. Sus descripciones están precedidas por antropomorfismos de Dios, tales como “tintorero” y “antropófago”, a la vez que por nombres asignados a las realidades divinas que encierran un sentido esotérico propio de la escuela valentiniana. (shrink)

We conduct an empirical study on the determinants of the psychological costs of tax evasion, also known as tax morale. As a preliminary step, we build a model of tax evasion including non-monetary considerations, show the relationship between tax compliance and tax morale. In the empirical analysis of tax morale we find, using a binomial logit model, that the justification of tax evasion can be explained by the presence of grievance in absolute terms (those who feel that taxes are too (...) high, those who feel that public funds are wasted, and those who accept underground economic activities); and grievances in relative terms (the suspected level of others’ tax evasion). The sense of duty and the level of solidarity are also relevant factors, but to a lesser extent. (shrink)

Using Koszmider's strongly unbounded functions, we show the following consistency result: Suppose that κ, λ are infinite cardinals such that κ++ + ≤ λ, κ<κ = κ and 2κ = κ+, and η is an ordinal with κ+ ≤ η < κ++ and cf = κ+. Then, in some cardinal-preserving generic extension there is a superatomic Boolean algebra equation image such that equation image, equation image for every α < η and equation image. Especially, equation image and equation image can (...) be cardinal sequences of superatomic Boolean algebras. (shrink)

Frecuentemente se ha interpretado la filosofía política de Julien Freund como una lectura decisionista y polemocéntrica de lo político de fuertes ecos schmittianos. Sin entrar en sus raíces intelectuales, pretendo justificar el sentido que asume en su obra la adhesión a la tradición realista, distanciándose sin embargo de una interpretación tanto cratológica como nihilista de la política que tendiera a reducir los asuntos públicos al solo dominio estratégico de los medios. Entiendo, al contrario, que el realismo de Freund coincide con (...) su perspectiva “mesocrática” o, si se prefiere, “liberal” en un sentido “árquico”, no minarquista o neutralizador. Esto exige un cambio de enfoque en el estudio de su obra que evite fundamentalmente dos extremos: la reducción de lo político a la sola dialéctica del mando y la obediencia, a costa de la integración de todos sus factores, y la sobrevaloración del problema de los medios respecto de los fines. (shrink)

O presente trabalho é uma tradução do espanhol para o português de três contos do livro "Cuentos de Amor de Locura y de Muerte" do escritor uruguaio Horacio Quiroga. Os contos selecionados são: "La Gallina Degollada", "El Almohadón de Plumas" e "A la Deriva". Os textos traduzidos ficaram com os seguintes nomes: "A Galinha Degolada" "O Travesseiro de Penas" e "À Deriva".

La selección natural ayuda a resolver el misterio de la vida pero no es aplicable para explicar la diversidad cultural. La selección natural es vista, por una parte, como un componente de la imaginación de un mundo industrial cambiante, y, por la otra, como un medio de producir diferencias en el seno de procesos sociales que son claves en la distribución de los genes humanos. La genética es intencionalmente traducida en el mundo social: se subvierte la biología y se la (...) somete a la agencia humana. Tal es una ruptura esencial que enmarca el reservorio genético en el novedoso mundo humano. Los seres humanos deliberan acerca de su condición y, al hacerlo, cooptan la naturaleza. No obstante, esto no es un proceso evidente sino que en sí mismo está infiltrado por los procesos neurológicos, una poderosa razón para mantener una visión dialéctica de la relación entre los genes y los humanos. (shrink)

His rich and multifaceted thought influenced many different traditions; he has been seen as an eclectic. This book elucidates Henry of Ghent's philosophical and theological system with special reference to his Trinitarian writings.

This commentary criticizes nonverbal methods of assessing theory-of-mind on the basis of prior training of the critical response because they would encourage simple, nonmentalistic, associative solutions even in subjects with mentalistic capacities. I propose instead a new experimental paradigm based upon the use of spontaneous responses in less artificial situations. This method has already provided positive evidence of some level of ToM understanding in nonhuman primates.

La experiencia filosófica de Pablo Posada Varela queda lejos de ser un currículo de filósofo académico. Cuando el verdadero filósofo escribe está movido siempre por motivaciones éticas, para fortalecer el sentido que se busca. Un sentido en contacto permanente con su φρενός, una «inteligencia frenética» al margen de los espasmos del cogito cartesiano y su posterior narcosis. Tampoco ese sentido tiene que ver con la búsqueda de la verdad de su perpetuum mobile. En Pablo Posada Varela hay una verdadera topología (...) del sentido, ideas del sentido fuera del sentido. (shrink)

El propósito de esta entrada es hacer notar la inquietud de Marc Richir en sus Méditations phénoménologiques (1992: 61), de que una estética fenomenológica era más necesaria que nunca aun moviéndonos en cualquier horizonte, imposible de hecho, como a veces pueda serlo el lenguaje en busca del sentido; pero esta entrada se enmarca en una parrhesía de lenguaje más bien débil centrada en lo antiguo donde el arte, (tomando como referencia o inicio (ὑπάρχω) las tragedias griegas en el plano de (...) la mímesis, en correspondencia con la Einfühlung, identificación fenomenológica, la identidad de la obra en las tragedias), tanto si imita sólo con lenguaje (arte de la sofística), como si se habla de la verdadera creación, la tragedia, sobrepasa las etiquetas de cualquier logos en permanente lucha: trágico, intencional, pasional o trascendental; no encontramos ninguna mitología semántica que lo identifique en una cerca intencional, por su pérdida espontánea, o lo recupere en un sentido estético incoativo, en una fase (φάσις), o forma que dejará ver o no según le dé la luz; Platón no lo llega a cazar en el Sofista (al arte de la sofística), porque transgrede cualquier conducta, desde dentro y desde fuera, es decir, tanto si es un disimulo pasional del poeta (catarsis antigua), como si lo consideramos desde el marco de Aristóteles en el cierre artístico clásico de la tragedia (symmetría) en la experiencia generada en el espectador como un fenómeno estético insuficiente (catarsis trágica). (shrink)